|
The Palmyrene Empire (270–273), was a splinter state centered at Palmyra, that broke away from the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century. It encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor. The empire was ruled by Zenobia as a regent for her son Vaballathus, who became king in 267. In 270, Zenobia managed to conquer most of the Roman east in a relatively short period, and tried to maintain the relations with Rome. However, in 271 she claimed the imperial title for herself and her son and fought a short war with the Roman emperor Aurelian, who conquered Palmyra and arrested the Empress. A year later the Palmyrenes rebelled, which led Aurelian to destroy Palmyra. The Palmyrene empire is hailed highly in Syria and plays an important role as an icon in Syrian nationalism. == Background == (詳細はAlexander Severus in 235, general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths and Alamanni, in addition to outright attacks from the aggressive Sassanids in the east. Finally, Shapur I of Persia inflicted a disastrous defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Edessa in 260, capturing the Roman emperor Valerian and soon, Quietus and Macrianus rebelled against Valerian's son Gallienus and usurped the imperial power in Syria. The Palmyrene leader Odaenathus was declared king, and remained loyal to Gallienus, forming an army of Palmyrenes and Syrian peasants to attack Shapur.〔 In 260, Odaenathus won a decisive victory over Shapur in a battle near the Euphrates.〔 Next, Odaenathus defeated the usurpers in 261,〔 and spent the remainder of his reign fighting the Persians. Odaenathus received the title ''Governor of the East'',〔 and ruled Syria as the imperial representative, and declared himself King of Kings. Odaenathus was assassinated along with his son Hairan in 267,〔 and according to the Augustan History and John Zonaras, Odaenathus was killed by his cousin whose name in the Augustan History is Maeonius. The Augustan History also claim that Maeonius was proclaimed emperor for a very brief period, before being executed by the soldiers.〔 However, no inscriptions or other evidence exist for Maeonius' reign, and he was probably killed immediately after assassinating Odaenathus. Odaenathus was succeeded by his minor sons with Zenobia; the ten-year-old Vaballathus. Under the regency of Zenobia, Vaballathus was kept in the shadow while his mother assumed actual rule and consolidated her power.〔 The queen was careful not to provoke Rome and took for herself and her son the titles that her husband had, while working on guaranteeing the safety of the borders with Persia, and pacifying the dangerous Tanukhids tribes in Hauran.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palmyrene Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|